WE-NET paper1998

TABLE I Comparison of Energy Balance and System Energy Efficiency

(Unit: 109kcal/year,(%))

Case Liquid hydrogen
system Methanol
system Ammonia
system

condition
Turbine output (MW)
Transportation distanc
1,000MW
5,000km
1,000MW
5,000km
1,000MW
5,000km

Input
Hydroelectric power
generation energy
Coal energy
Tanker fuel
Total input
12,477 (100)

12,477 (100)
9,041 (52.7)

8,123 (47.3)

17,163 (100.0)
16,256 (98.3)

275 (1.7)
16,531 (100.0)

Losses
Hydrogen production losses
Coal gasification losses
Nitrogen production losses
Liquefaction losses
Methanol synthesis losses
Reforming losses
Other losses
986 (7.3)

2,465 (19.8)

237 (0.7)
1,258 (7.3)
1,044 (6.1)

4,019 (23.4)
1,721 (10.0)
271 (1.6)
2,110 (12.8)

334 (2.0)

2,457 (14.9)
2,566 (15.5)
275 (1.7)

Arrival energy
Hydrogen energy 8,789 (70.4)
8,789 (70.4) 10,570 (61.6)
8,789 (51.2) 11,355 (68.7)
8,789 (53.2)

Turbine heat loss 3,515 (28.2) 3,515 (20.4) 3,515 (21.3)

Power generation energy
(power generation end) 5,274 (42.3) 5,274 (30.7) 5,274 (31.9)

Station service power loss 570 (4.5) 1,012 (5.9) 1,487 (9.0)

Power generation energy
(transmission end) 4,704 (37.7) 4,262 (24.8) 3,787 (22.9)

Note: 1) Hydrogen combustion turbine power generation output: 1000MW
2) Hydroelectric power generation cost : 2 yen/kWh (1$ = 120yen)
3) Hydrogen energy is calculated before it is sent to a hydrogen combustion turbine power generation on a basis.

TABLE II Cost Comparison of Each System

Case Liquid
hydrogen
transportation
system Methanol
transportation
system Ammonia
transportation
system

Turbine output (MW)
Transportation distance (km) 1,000
5,000 1,000
5,000 1,000
5,000

Total facility cost (10⁸ yen) 7,409 4,927 5,441

Total annual running cost (10⁸ yen)
(including electric power cost and coal cost) 1,785
(289) 1,224
(251) 1,450
(383)

Hydrogen, methanol ammonia(yen/Mcal)
(arrival basis) 10.55 5.98 6.94

Hydrogen cost (yen/Mcal) 16.12 9.99 15.68

Power generation cost (yen/kWh)
(transmission end power amount basis) 32.64 24.70
(30.83)* 32.93

Note: 1)Hydrogen combustion turbine power generation output : 1,000 MW
2)Hydroelectric power generation cost : 2 yen/kWh (1$ = 120yen)
3)Hydrogen cost is calculated before it is sent to a hydrogen combustion turbine power generation on a basis.

* Parenthesized is the power generation cost including CO₂ recovery and processing.

Case	Liquid hydrogen system	Methanol system	Ammonia system
condition Turbine output (MW) Transportation distanc	1,000MW 5,000km	1,000MW 5,000km	1,000MW 5,000km
Input Hydroelectric power generation energy Coal energy Tanker fuel Total input	12,477 (100) 12,477 (100)	9,041 (52.7) 8,123 (47.3) 17,163 (100.0)	16,256 (98.3) 275 (1.7) 16,531 (100.0)
Losses Hydrogen production losses Coal gasification losses Nitrogen production losses Liquefaction losses Methanol synthesis losses Reforming losses Other losses	986 (7.3) 2,465 (19.8) 237 (0.7)	1,258 (7.3) 1,044 (6.1) 4,019 (23.4) 1,721 (10.0) 271 (1.6)	2,110 (12.8) 334 (2.0) 2,457 (14.9) 2,566 (15.5) 275 (1.7)
Arrival energy Hydrogen energy	8,789 (70.4) 8,789 (70.4)	10,570 (61.6) 8,789 (51.2)	11,355 (68.7) 8,789 (53.2)
Turbine heat loss	3,515 (28.2)	3,515 (20.4)	3,515 (21.3)
Power generation energy (power generation end)	5,274 (42.3)	5,274 (30.7)	5,274 (31.9)
Station service power loss	570 (4.5)	1,012 (5.9)	1,487 (9.0)
Power generation energy (transmission end)	4,704 (37.7)	4,262 (24.8)	3,787 (22.9)

Case	Liquid hydrogen transportation system	Methanol transportation system	Ammonia transportation system
Turbine output (MW) Transportation distance (km)	1,000 5,000	1,000 5,000	1,000 5,000
Total facility cost (10⁸ yen)	7,409	4,927	5,441
Total annual running cost (10⁸ yen) (including electric power cost and coal cost)	1,785 (289)	1,224 (251)	1,450 (383)
Hydrogen, methanol ammonia(yen/Mcal) (arrival basis)	10.55	5.98	6.94
Hydrogen cost (yen/Mcal)	16.12	9.99	15.68
Power generation cost (yen/kWh) (transmission end power amount basis)	32.64	24.70 (30.83)*	32.93

Note:	1)Hydrogen combustion turbine power generation output : 1,000 MW 2)Hydroelectric power generation cost : 2 yen/kWh (1$ = 120yen) 3)Hydrogen cost is calculated before it is sent to a hydrogen combustion turbine power generation on a basis.

*	Parenthesized is the power generation cost including CO₂ recovery and processing.